Obtaining and Using Energy
Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) happens in cells.
Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) happens in cells.
- ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.
- ATP is the most usable form of energy for living organisms.
- ATP is important because it is fully charged like a new battery.
- Autotrophs convert sunlight to ATP. ATP powers the cycle that generates high energy sugars during photosynthesis.
- Heterotrophs convert sugars to lots of ATP during cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis
- Autotrophs are organisms that use the sun's energy to produce sugars.
- Plants, some bacteria, and some protists are autotrophs.
- Photosynthesis happens in the chloroplast of the cell.
- The photosynthesis process begins with carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light. It ends as those chemicals react to form glucose and oxygen.
- The 2 stages of photosynthesis are the light dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
Cellular Respiration
- All living organisms carry out cellular respiration.
- Respiration happens in the cell's mitochondria.
- Autotrophs must produce sugars through photosynthesis and then convert the sugars to ATP during respiration.
- Heterotrophs consume other organisms. The sugars from those organisms are converted into lots of ATP.
- The respiration process begins with glucose and oxygen. It ends as those chemicals are broken down to produce carbon dioxide, water, & ATP.
- The 3 stages of respiration are glycolysis, kreb's cycle, & the electron transport.
- In the absence of oxygen, bacteria, yeasts, & muscles will carry out lactic acid or alcoholic fermentation. These are two methods of anaerobic respiration.